Infectious plant diseases are mainly caused by pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, as well as insects and parasitic plants [1]. With the development of agriculture, infectious plant diseases have become an increasingly significant factor affecting crop production and human health.
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How are diseases transmitted in plants?
Humans, tools and machinery, insects, and nematodes are some of the organisms that can enter plants through wounds or through natural openings. The most common pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium botulinum, Enterobacteria, Proteus mirabilis and Enterocytozoon bacteremiae. These include fungi, protozoa, bacteria, viruses and parasites.
Some of these organisms can be found in soil, water and air, while others are found only on the leaves and stems of plants and are not harmful to the plants themselves.
What are the 3 types of causes of plant disease?
Viral infection is the process by which a virus infects a host cell and causes the cell to become infected with the virus. This process is called viral replication. The process of viral infection can be divided into two stages. The virus enters the host through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, skin, or any other part of a person’s body. In this stage of infection, the viral particles are able to enter the cells and begin to replicate.
However, as the infection progresses, symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain. As the disease progresses and the body’s immune system becomes more and more sensitive to the presence of virus particles in the blood and other body fluids, it becomes increasingly difficult for the infected person to fight off infection.
What are two things that cause most plant diseases?
The majority of diseases in the world are caused by bacteria or fungi. Bacteria and fungi can be found in soil, water, air, food, and even the air we breathe. Some of the most common types of bacteria are E. coli:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Bacillus subtilis
- Clostridium perfringens
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- S cerevisiae
- Vibrio cholerae
- Streptococci
- Proteus mirabilis
- Others
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Escherichia coli O157:H7
The list goes on and on, but you get the idea.
How can plant diseases be prevented?
Each year, the trellises should be cleaned and sanitized. Plants with infections should be removed to prevent the spread of diseases to healthy plants. When plants are dry, only remove leaves that are sick. Plant is a tool that can be used to identify diseases.
Why do plants get fungus?
Water sitting on the leaves can cause diseases. The leaves and foliage of the plants will not grow if the water is poured over the soil of the pot.
What are the 4 types of disease transmission?
The modes of transmission are Contact, Droplet, Airborne, Vector and Aerosol. Contact transmission is the most common form of aerosol transmission. Contact transmission occurs when a droplet of liquid droplets is inhaled into the lungs of a person who has not been exposed to aerosols.
This type of contact transmission can occur through direct contact, such as coughing or sneezing, or through the direct inhalation of airborne particles (such as dust mites or pollen) that have been deposited on the skin or mucous membranes of an exposed person.
Inhalation can also occur when the person inhales a liquid or gas that has been sprayed on them by another person or by the environment (e.g., from a garden hose or a lawn sprinkler). Inhaled particles may also be deposited in the airways of other people who have not yet become exposed.
